Ideas & models

State 4C

Purpose, coherence, capacity and fairness: four ways to discuss how institutions respond to public needs.

State 4C

Four foundations for discussion

A conceptual framework for asking questions about institutions and comparing situations.

01 / 4C

Purpose

Why does the institution exist? How clear is its purpose to the people it serves?

02 / 4C

Coherence

How well do actions, rules and communication align? Is there room for feedback?

03 / 4C

Capacity

Which knowledge, resources and procedures enable a move from intentions to action?

04 / 4C

Fairness

How are different interests considered? Who can access opportunities and take part in discussing decisions?

Applying the framework

01Choose a situation

Describe a specific institution, decision or public need.

02Ask questions

Consider the situation through each of the four dimensions.

03Gather evidence

Compare documents, observations and participants' perspectives.

04Discuss conclusions

Formulate possible actions and questions that remain open.

A modern public space
Connections between models

Institutions exist
through relationships

The four dimensions can be considered alongside the sovereignty triad, through people's experience and connections with the wider world.

The framework does not replace research or prove causation. It clarifies the subject of discussion and helps compare arguments.

Sovereignty triad

From a shared question to a specific situation

We will prepare a foundation for research, discussion or a learning session.

Discuss collaboration